The correct usage is ‘typical of’ and not ‘typical on’. For example:

 It’s typical of him to talk like that. – Correct

 It’s typical on him to talk like that. – Incorrect

 There is no definite rule or principle to ascertain which preposition should be used after an adjective. Therefore, there’s no option other than memorising them.

 The word ‘typical’ is usually always followed by the preposition ‘of’. Some similar examples are: limited to, surprised by, allergic to, etc.